Editing Jackson Gang

{{SHORTDESC:Independent East Village gang led by Thomas “Humpty” Jackson}}
{{Infobox criminal organization
| name = Jackson Gang
| also_known_as = Humpty Jackson Gang<br>Humpty Jackson's gang
| founding_location = Gas House district, Manhattan, New York City
| territory = East Village/Gas House district<br>East 11th–13th Streets<br>First and Second Avenues
| ethnicity = Mixed neighborhood membership; leader Thomas Jackson was Irish-American
| structure = Independent street gang centered on Jackson; complete roster and hierarchy uncertain
| activities = Robbery and stickups<br>Burglary and warehouse theft {{small|(later account)}}<br>Hired assault<br>Street violence
| leader = Thomas “Humpty” Jackson
| notable_members = “Spanish Louie” {{small|(reported associate or member)}}
| rivals = [[Eastman Gang]] elements {{small|(episodic conflict)}}
| status = Disrupted by Jackson's 1909 imprisonment
| years_active = c. 1900–1909 {{small|(directly documented range; exact formation date uncertain)}}
}}

The '''Jackson Gang''' was an independent Manhattan street gang led by Thomas “Humpty” Jackson in the early twentieth century. Contemporary and near-contemporary sources called it “the Humpty Jackson gang” and placed it in the Gas House or East Village district around East 11th–13th Streets.

Although Jewish figures appeared in Jackson's circle, the organization should not be classified simply as a Jewish-American gang. Jackson was Irish-American, and the reviewed sources do not establish a complete ethnic roster.

==Leader and territory==
Thomas Jackson was born around 1879 and became known as “Humpty” because of a pronounced spinal deformity. Contemporary newspapers identified him as an East Side gang leader; later stories about his classical reading, personal philosophy and extreme violence should be distinguished from court and arrest records.

Herbert Asbury placed Jackson's independent group at a disused cemetery in the block bounded by First and Second Avenues and East 12th and 13th Streets.<ref name="Asbury">Herbert Asbury, [https://archive.org/details/the-gangs-of-new-york-herbert-asbury ''The Gangs of New York''] (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1928), chapters on East Side gangs.</ref> Alfred Henry Lewis separately described a broader Gas House gang operating along Third Avenue between East 11th and East 18th Streets.<ref name="Lewis">Alfred Henry Lewis, [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/51909 ''The Apaches of New York''] (New York: G. W. Dillingham, 1912), “The Gas-House Gang” and related chapters.</ref>

These descriptions overlap geographically but do not prove that the Jackson Gang and the broader [[Gas House Gang]] were identical. The safest model is Jackson's independent cemetery-centered gang operating within the wider Gas House gang environment.

==Activities and conflicts==
On May 21, 1900, Jackson stabbed New York police officer William J. Tynan during an attempted arrest. Contemporary reporting called Jackson a well-known character and documented the violent encounter.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1900/05/22/archives/policeman-tynan-stabbed-humpty-jackson-a-wellknown-character.html “Policeman Tynan Stabbed; ‘Humpty’ Jackson, a Well-Known Character”], ''The New York Times'', May 22, 1900.</ref> This establishes Jackson's activity by 1900 but not the gang's exact founding date.

Lewis associated the neighborhood formation with stickups and street robbery. Asbury additionally attributed burglary, warehouse theft and hired assault to Jackson's group and estimated a substantial roster.<ref name="Asbury" /><ref name="Lewis" /> Those later numerical and organizational details should be treated as narrative estimates rather than a verified membership census.

Asbury described conflict between Jackson's cemetery gathering and men associated with the [[Eastman Gang]], including “Crazy Butch.”<ref name="Asbury" /> Episodic fighting does not establish a permanent alliance system or prove that Jackson was an Eastman subordinate.

“Spanish Louie” is commonly identified with Jackson's circle and with gambling-related protection. His presence illustrates cross-ethnic membership and association. It does not turn the entire gang into a Jewish-American organization or establish a formal lieutenant rank unless a source explicitly does so.

==Imprisonment and decline==
In January 1909, Jackson received a sentence of four and a half years after a grand-larceny conviction. ''The New York Times'' called him an East Side gang leader.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1909/01/30/archives/humpty-jackson-to-prison-east-side-gang-leader-gets-four-and-a-half.html “‘Humpty’ Jackson to Prison; East Side Gang Leader Gets Four and a Half Years”], ''The New York Times'', January 30, 1909.</ref>

Jackson's imprisonment is the narrowest defensible endpoint for his independently led gang. No qualifying source reviewed establishes one formal successor, merger or transfer of the intact organization. Neighboring Gas House, Eastman and later labor-slugging factions involved overlapping places and individuals but should remain separate unless person-specific evidence demonstrates continuity.

==Name and scope==
“Jackson Gang” is used here as a concise canonical title. Contemporary usage was leader-based—“Humpty Jackson gang” or “Humpty Jackson's gang”—rather than evidence of a registered or formally self-named organization.

The page covers Jackson's own group, not every gang in the Gas House district and not every criminal associated with East 11th Street.

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Former gangs in New York City]]
[[Category:Irish-American organized crime groups]]
[[Category:Gangs in Manhattan]]
[[Category:East Village, Manhattan]]
[[Category:Organizations disestablished in 1909]]