Editing Black Hand (extortion) (section)

===Reported local candidates—duration unproved===
* '''Loguisto''' (“The Society of Justice”) was the reported self-name of a Chicago Black Hand gang associated with eighteen-year-old Tony Baffa in July 1909. Lombardo connects the group to the killing of grocer Giuseppe Fillipelli after he allegedly refused extortion demands.<ref name="Lombardo" /> The self-name is unusually strong evidence, but only one episode was located; the group is therefore not presented as durably active over a defined period.
* '''Antonio Mirabito's reported Boston crew''' was described in February 1908 newspaper accounts as a Black Hand headquarters managed by Mirabito and allegedly operating between New England and New York.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90164187/fitchburg-sentinel/ “Alleged Blackmailers Taken by Boston Police”], ''Fitchburg Sentinel'', February 1908.</ref> The headquarters claim suggests organization, but the reviewed evidence is a one-day police and press snapshot without a verified self-name.
* A '''reported Hillsville Black Hand headquarters''' near New Castle, Pennsylvania, was described in a 1907 detective account as including a school that trained members in stiletto use.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/blackhandchapter0000pitk/page/18/mode/1up Pitkin, ''The Black Hand'', p. 18].</ref> Neither duration nor a canonical organization name is established.

Other reports referred descriptively to an East 108th Street “Black Hand gang,” Chicago Black Handers and numerous unnamed local crews. They are not listed above as established organizations unless the reviewed evidence demonstrates continuity, membership or structure beyond one incident.

The Morello–Lupo group is listed only with that naming and activity caveat. It should not be retroactively renamed wholesale as “the Black Hand Society,” nor should every person arrested or surveilled with Morello and Lupo be treated as a convicted extortionist.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2eCPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29 Critchley, ''Origin of Organized Crime'', pp. 29, 43–47].</ref>