Editing Colombo crime family (section)

==Persico and later wars==
Carmine Persico became the family's dominant long-term figure. During the 1980s, federal prosecutions imprisoned Persico and other Commission leaders. Acting administrations managed the family while senior figures were incarcerated.

A second major internal conflict followed Victor Orena's challenge to the Persico faction in the early 1990s. The violence included murders, attempted murders and shifting crew loyalties. The conflict did not produce two permanent crime families; one Colombo organization survived after the Orena faction was defeated.

Later prosecutions weakened the family and produced numerous cooperating witnesses. Leadership labels in newspaper accounts changed frequently, so a complete current hierarchy should not be inferred from one investigation or one meeting.