Editing Five Points gangs (section)

==Turn-of-the-century use==
The singular name did not describe a settled Irish-to-Italian corporate succession. In September 1902, ''The Evening World'' described a “Five Points Italian gang” while listing the Paul Kelly Club as a separate allied organization.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83030193/1902-09-30/ed-1/?sp=6 “Gangsters Battle in City Streets”], ''The Evening World'', September 30, 1902, p. 6.</ref> In April 1903, it again differentiated the Italian Paul Kelly Association from the Italian Five Pointers.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83030193/1903-04-18/ed-1/?sp=8 “Gang Men to Fight Eastman”], ''The Evening World'', April 18, 1903, p. 8.</ref> The ''New-York Tribune'' later referred to a Paradise Social Club as the “new Five Points Gang” operating on the battleground of an “old” gang.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83030214/1903-07-06/ed-1/?sp=4 “Reserves Beaten Off: Five Points Gang Ends Celebration by Rioting and Assaulting”], ''New-York Tribune'', July 6, 1903, p. 4.</ref>

Later sources compressed these changing organizations into a lineage. Sociologist James M. O'Kane describes Irish gang dominance giving way to Jewish and Italian control and identifies Francesco Paolo Vaccarelli, known as Paul Kelly, with the takeover of the old Five Points gang. O'Kane also notes that major gangs could include members from more than one ethnic group.<ref>James M. O'Kane, [https://books.google.com/books?id=6tszDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT62 ''The Crooked Ladder: Gangsters, Ethnicity and the American Dream''] (Routledge, 2017), pp. 64–66.</ref> That later synthesis is historical interpretation rather than proof that one organization survived intact.